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• Approval based on data from the COSMIC-311 Phase III trial, in which Cabometyx® (cabozantinib) demonstrated a 78% reduction in risk of disease progression or death versus placebo1;
• This milestone marks the first treatment option to be specifically approved as a second-line therapy in this indication.
Ipsen today announced that the European Commission (EC) has approved the use of Cabometyx® (cabozantinib) as a monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), refractory or not eligible to radioactive iodine who have progressed during or after prior systemic therapy. This approval is the first of its kind in Europe for this uncommon condition, with limited treatment options currently available should patients progress after prior use of systemic therapy.
Jaume Capdevila, M.D. PhD, Medical Oncologist at the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, and a trial investigator, said “The nature of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer means that this condition does not respond to the most commonly used standard of care for differentiated thyroid cancer. As a result, people living with this form of the disease have had limited treatment options should their disease progress. I am pleased to see the entrance of a new innovative treatment in Cabometyx, following limited progress for patients in this area for such a significant amount of time and I look forward to sharing more positive conversations with my patients on the number of options available to them.”
The EC approval was based on results from the pivotal COSMIC-311 Phase III trial, which at a planned interim analysis, confirmed that the trial had met the primary endpoint of progression free survival (PFS), demonstrating a significant reduction in the risk of disease progression or death by 78% versus placebo (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.22; 96% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.36; P<0.0001) at a median follow-up of 6.2 months.1 The other primary endpoint, the objective response rate, also favoured Cabometyx with 15% vs. 0% for placebo (p=0.028) at a median follow-up of 8.9 months, but did not meet the criteria for statistical significance.1 Given the efficacy and safety demonstrated within this analysis, the independent data monitoring committee recommended to stop enrolment and unblind sites and patients. The final results, at a median follow-up of 10.1 months, were then presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Virtual Congress 2021, whereby Cabometyx continued to demonstrate superior median PFS of 11.0 months versus 1.9 months with placebo and a maintained reduction in the risk of disease progression or death of 78% versus placebo ([HR]: 0.22, 96% [CI]: 0.15-0.32; p<0.0001). These new analyses also demonstrated that superior efficacy was maintained with Cabometyx irrespective of previous vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-targeted therapy, supporting flexible sequencing decisions for physicians. The safety profile identified in the COSMIC-311 trial across the two analyses was consistent with that previously observed for Cabometyx and adverse events were managed with dose modifications.1,2
Steven Hildemann, M.D. PhD, Executive Vice President, Chief Medical Officer, Head of Global Medical Affairs and Global Patient Safety at Ipsen, said “Confirmation of the approval of Cabometyx for this difficult-to-treat cancer is welcome news for patients and treating physicians. We are delighted that the European Commission has recognized the strength of the COSMIC-311 data and the possibilities that Cabometyx can deliver for people living with radioactive-iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. We are committed to researching areas of oncology with high unmet medical needs and this decision exemplifies our ambition to bring meaningful new treatments that have the potential to make tangible differences to people’s lives.”
This EC approval follows the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval announced by Exelixis in September 2021 of Cabometyx for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with locally advanced or metastatic DTC that has progressed following prior vascular endothelial growth factor receptor targeted therapy and who are radioactive iodine-refractory or ineligible.
Ipsen wishes to thank the patients and investigators involved in the COSMIC-311 clinical trial.
About radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-R DTC)
In 2020, over 580,000 new cases of thyroid cancer were diagnosed worldwide.3 Thyroid cancer is the ninth most commonly occurring cancer globally and incidence is three times higher in women than in men, with the disease representing 1 in every 20 cancers diagnosed among women.4 While cancerous thyroid tumors include differentiated, medullary and anaplastic forms, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) makes up about 90 to 95% of cases.5,6 These include papillary, follicular and Hürthle cell cancer.3,4 DTC is typically treated with surgery, followed by ablation of the remaining thyroid tissue with radioactive iodine (RAI), but approximately 5 to 15% of cases are resistant to RAI treatment.7 Patients who develop RAI-R DTC have a poor prognosis with an average estimated survival of three to five years.8
About the COSMIC-311 trial
COSMIC-311 is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial that enrolled 258 patients at 164 sites globally.1,2 Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either Cabometyx 60 mg or placebo once-daily.1 The primary endpoints were progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population as well as objective response rate in the first 100 randomly assigned patients (objective response rate intention-to-treat [OITT] population), both evaluated by a blinded independent radiology committee. Additional endpoints include safety, overall survival and quality of life.1 Exelixis is the sponsor of the COSMIC-311 trial, and Ipsen is co-funding the trial. More information about this trial is available at ClinicalTrials.gov/.
About Cabometyx (cabozantinib)
Outside the United States and Japan, Cabometyx (cabometyx.com) is currently approved in 60 countries, including in the European Union (E.U.), Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, South Korea, Canada, Brazil, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau, Jordan, Lebanon, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Turkey, the United Arabic Emirates (U.A.E.), Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Israel, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Panama, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Thailand, Malaysia, Colombia and Egypt for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in adults who have received prior vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy; in the E.U., Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Lebanon, Jordan, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Turkey, the U.A.E., Saudi Arabia, Israel, Serbia, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Panama, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Thailand, Egypt and Malaysia for previously untreated intermediate- or poor-risk advanced RCC; and in the E.U., Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Israel, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Jordan, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Turkey, Lebanon, the U.A.E., Peru, Panama, Guatemala, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Thailand, Brazil, New Zealand, Egypt and Malaysia for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adults who have previously been treated with sorafenib. Cabometyx is also approved in combination with nivolumab as first-line treatment for people living with advanced RCC, in the E.U., Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, Canada, Taiwan, Singapore, the U.A.E., Australia, Chile, Israel, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, the Russian Federation and Brazil. In the U.S., Cabometyx tablets are approved for the treatment of people living with advanced RCC; for the treatment of people living with HCC who have been previously treated with sorafenib; for people living with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer who have been previously treated with VEGFR-targeted therapy; and for people living with advanced RCC as a first-line treatment in combination with nivolumab.
The detailed recommendations for the use of Cabometyx are described in the Summary of Product Characteristics (EU SmPC) and in the U.S. Prescribing Information (USPI).
Ipsen (ipsen.com) has exclusive rights for the commercialization of Cabometyx outside the U.S. and Japan. Cabometyx is marketed by Exelixis (exelixis.com) in the U.S. and by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited in Japan. Cabometyx is a registered trademark of Exelixis.
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1. Brose et al., Cabozantinib for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (COSMIC-311): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncology. 2021; 22:8. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00332-6
2. Capdevila et al., ESMO 2021. Cabozantinib © versus placebo (P) in patients (pts) with radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who have progressed after prior VEGFR-targeted therapy: updated results from the phase 3 COSMIC-311 trial and prespecified subgroup analyses based on prior VEGFR-targeted therapy.
3. H et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal For Clinicians. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660.
4. Agarwal et al., ASCO 2020. Cabozantinib in combination with atezolizumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results of cohort 6 of the COSMIC-021 study.
5. Net. ASCO. Thyroid Cancer: Introduction. Last accessed: December 2021.
6. Chen D. et al. Innovative analysis of distant metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer. Oncol Lett 19: 1985-1992, 2020. doi: 10.3892/ol.2020.11304.
7. Worden F. Treatment strategies for radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 6:267 279. doi: 10.1177/1758834014548188.
8. Fugazzola L. et al. 2019 European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Treatment and Follow-Up of Advanced Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2019;8:227 245. doi: 10.1159/000502229.
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